TYPHOID FEVER
Typhoid fever is a type of Enteric Fever and is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria called Salmonella typhi.
The bacteria is spread by eating food or drinking water which has been contaminated with the feces or urine of an infected person.
It usually develops 6-30 days after being exposed to the bacteria.
It starts with a gradual onset of fever over several days. Other symptoms include headache, weakness, constipation (which is usually preceded by diarrhea) and abdominal pain. Some people also develop a rash with reddish spots (difficult to see in dark skinned people).
Complications include intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, inflammation of the brain, neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Typhoid fever is confirmed by testing for immunoglobulins against Salmonella typhi in the blood or from stool, urine and blood cultures.
Treatment is by the use of antibiotics which Salmonella typhi is sensitive to.
Some people are chronic carriers of the bacteria and spread it through their feces and urine.
Typhoid fever can be prevented by
- Proper disposal of sewage.
- Avoiding open defecation and urination.
- Proper handling of food and water.